M\u00e1lokter\u00fd jednatel, \u010dlen p\u0159edstavenstva \u010di prokurista (d\u00e1le jen \u201ejednatel\u201c) tu\u0161\u00ed, jak ostr\u00fd Damokl\u016fv me\u010d nad n\u00edm vis\u00ed kv\u016fli odpov\u011bdnosti za to, \u017ee poru\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 povinnosti p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu funkce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd jednatel je povinen jednat s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Ta zahrnuje na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nezbytnou loajalitu ke spole\u010dnosti a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b tzv. business judgement rule, tedy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 znalosti a pe\u010dlivost, aby jednatel mohl \u201ep\u0159i podnikatelsk\u00e9m rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e rozumn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee jedn\u00e1 informovan\u011b a sou\u010dasn\u011b v obhajiteln\u00e9m z\u00e1jmu spole\u010dnosti\u201c. Odpov\u011bdnost jednatele v\u016f\u010di spole\u010dnosti p\u0159i tom nelze nijak omezit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud soud rozhoduje, zda jednatel jednal s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e, p\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed k p\u00e9\u010di, kterou by v obdobn\u00e9 situaci vynalo\u017eila jin\u00e1, tzv. rozumn\u011b pe\u010dliv\u00e1 osoba. D\u016fkazn\u00ed b\u0159emeno, \u017ee povinnost p\u00e9\u010de \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e skute\u010dn\u011b byla dodr\u017eena, nese v\u0161ak jednatel s\u00e1m. Pokud tuto povinnost poru\u0161\u00ed, osobn\u011b ru\u010d\u00ed za \u00fajmu, kter\u00e1 spole\u010dnosti vznikne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A co to znamen\u00e1 v praxi? Jednatel m\u016f\u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad odpov\u00eddat spole\u010dnosti za to, \u017ee u soudu \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a v\u010das neuplat\u0148oval jej\u00ed n\u00e1roky, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1sledn\u011b nelze vymoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pro \u00faplnost je t\u0159eba uv\u00e9st, \u017ee \u0159ada povinnost\u00ed jednateli vznik\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v souvislosti s (hroz\u00edc\u00edm) \u00fapadkem. To je ov\u0161em t\u00e9ma na samostatn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud jednatel nejednal s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e, je povinen vydat spole\u010dnosti v\u0161e, co takto z\u00edskal. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee spole\u010dnost po\u017eadovat, aby jednatel nahradil \u00fajmu, kterou j\u00ed sv\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm zp\u016fsobil. Pozice jednatele je zde zt\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee mus\u00ed s\u00e1m prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee nejednal nedbale. Jednatel samoz\u0159ejm\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat slu\u017eeb \u00fa\u010detn\u00edch, advok\u00e1t\u016f \u010di jin\u00fdch poradc\u016f, nebo\u0165 od n\u011bj nelze o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee bude odborn\u00edkem ve v\u0161ech oborech t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se provozu spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Povinnost nahradit \u00fajmu v\u0161ak nen\u00ed zcela bezb\u0159eh\u00e1. Jedn\u00e1 se toti\u017e p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o \u00fajmu, kterou mohl jednatel p\u0159edv\u00eddat jako d\u016fsledek poru\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed. Pokud o riziku nemusel a nemohl v\u011bd\u011bt, nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 nebo n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 \u00fajma mu zpravidla nebude kladena za vinu a k n\u00e1hrad\u011b. P\u0159\u00edpadnou \u00fajmu lze vypo\u0159\u00e1dat ve smlouv\u011b mezi spole\u010dnost\u00ed a jednatelem. Je v\u0161ak nezbytn\u00e9, aby tuto smlouvu schv\u00e1lila valn\u00e1 hromada spole\u010dnosti nebo jej\u00ed jedin\u00fd spole\u010dn\u00edk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jednatel\u00e9 v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch odpov\u011bdnosti evidentn\u011b tahaj\u00ed za krat\u0161\u00ed konec lana. Ve vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jmu by proto m\u011bli d\u016fkladn\u011b zva\u017eovat v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 kroky p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu funkce a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si v\u017edy zajistit a archivovat podklady, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b u\u010dinili konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ekonomick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy. Lze tak\u00e9 doporu\u010dit, aby jednatel nebo spole\u010dnost v jeho prosp\u011bch uzav\u0159ela pojistnou smlouvu, kter\u00e1 bude tato rizika minimalizovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed rovina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u010casto se zapom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee jednatel\u00e9 maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u0161irokou odpov\u011bdnost trestn\u011b-pr\u00e1vn\u00ed. Jej\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1la sah\u00e1 od podvodu a zpronev\u011bry a\u017e po po\u0161kozen\u00ed v\u011b\u0159itele \u010di zp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u00fapadku. S poru\u0161en\u00edm p\u00e9\u010de \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e ov\u0161em nej\u010dast\u011bji souvis\u00ed trestn\u00fd \u010din poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku. Zda jednatel dost\u00e1l sv\u00fdm povinnostem p\u0159i spr\u00e1v\u011b ciz\u00edho majetku, pak soud posuzuje tak\u00e9 podle toho, zda jednatel jednal s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e. A proto\u017ee je p\u00e9\u010de \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e \u0161irok\u00fdm pojmem bez jednozna\u010dn\u00fdch kontur, lze jednatel\u016fm op\u011bt jen doporu\u010dit, aby v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 kroky velmi dob\u0159e zva\u017eovali a archivovali ve\u0161ker\u00e9 podklady, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b u\u010dinili konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed. Riziko trestu odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody jim toti\u017e nepojist\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 poji\u0161\u0165ovna.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u00e1lokter\u00fd jednatel, \u010dlen p\u0159edstavenstva \u010di prokurista (d\u00e1le jen \u201ejednatel\u201c) tu\u0161\u00ed, jak ostr\u00fd Damokl\u016fv me\u010d nad n\u00edm vis\u00ed kv\u016fli odpov\u011bdnosti za to, \u017ee poru\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 povinnosti p\u0159i v\u00fdkonu funkce. P\u00e9\u010de \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e Ka\u017ed\u00fd jednatel je povinen jednat s p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159e. Ta zahrnuje na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b nezbytnou loajalitu ke spole\u010dnosti a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b tzv. business judgement […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[13,20,12,19],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1092"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1635,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1092\/revisions\/1635"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hast-ak.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}